云南芥菜型油菜资源品质及苗期耐旱性评价

为研究芥菜型油菜的耐旱性，对150份云南芥菜型油菜地方品种的品质及苗期不同干旱程度下植株地上 及地下部进行研究。结果表明，参试芥菜型油菜耐旱性总体表现较好，品质变异丰富，其中油酸、芥酸变异系数大 于1，依据品质性状参试品种大致聚为三类；中度及重度干旱均能显著影响油菜地上部及根系的生长，其中对根系 影响更大；各品质性状与耐旱性相关分析表明，中度干旱条件下，耐旱性与含油量及芥酸、花生烯酸2种极长链脂肪 酸呈显著正相关，与5种长链脂肪酸硬脂酸、棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸为显著负相关，而重度干旱条件下均不相 关，同一品种在不同程度干旱下其耐旱性有差别；含油量与极长链脂肪酸呈显著正相关，与长链脂肪酸及蛋白含量 呈显著负相关，极长链脂肪酸与长链脂肪酸间呈极显著负相关。共筛出8个综合耐旱性强的材料。     

优化栽培措施对春玉米密植群体冠层结构及产量形成的调控效应

【目的】研究春玉米密植群体优化栽培模式下冠层结构特征,并探索其对冠层生产的调控机制及对产量提高的贡献。【方法】以耐密高产品种“中单909”为试验材料,设置105 000 株/hm²种植密度,采用深松（S）、宽窄行（W）及化控（C）的组合,形成4种根-冠优化栽培模式：（1）传统模式（旋耕20 cm,60 cm等行距,RU）,（2）耕层优化模式（深松耕作35 cm,60 cm等行距,SU）,（3）冠层优化模式（传统旋耕20 cm,80 cm+40 cm宽窄行,叶面喷施磷酸胆碱合剂ECK,RWC）,（4）综合优化模式（深松耕作35 cm,80 cm+40 cm宽窄行,叶面喷施磷酸胆碱合剂ECK,SWC）。比较不同栽培模式下冠层大田切片（垂直）、群体光分布、光合性能、蔗糖合成酶活性及籽粒灌浆的差异。【结果】相较于常规栽培模式（RU）,耕层优化模式（SU）的玉米冠层叶片干物质增加,冠层优化模式（RWC,SWC）下密植群体株高和穗位高降低30 cm以上,但群体整齐度下降明显;RWC和SWC处理,叶片垂直分布似“纺锤型”更为均匀,垂直高度180—240 cm的光能截获相比传统模式显著降低8%—37%,而穗位以下（120—180 cm）相比传统模式提高44%—129%;RU和SU处理呈现“漏斗型”株型特征,叶片集中分布在冠层顶部。根-冠协同优化可改良高密玉米群体冠层垂直结构,显著提高穗位及穗下叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率,增加穗位叶蔗糖磷酸合酶（SPS）和蔗糖合成酶（SS）活性,维持生育后期冠层叶片的生理活性,延长干物质活跃积累期10 d以上。【结论】综合优化模式（SWC）改变冠层干物质空间分布,增加了密植群体中下部光能截获和光合碳代谢能力,促进了花后冠层物质生产及籽粒灌浆,显著增加玉米籽粒产量。     

200CS伴能在直播水稻上施用效果试验研究

Perennial live paddy planting rice on the basis of conventional fertilization, by basal + can, tillering, closed herbicide + company + can, can (20% less nitrogen) basal + partner, 100% of nitrogen in the whole stages base + can with different processing, performance from the growth of rice, rice tillering, leaf chlorophyll value, yield and increasing costs, unit yield inceement, VCR, etc, with increasing can improve rice leaf chlorophyll content, promote rice tillers, makes the rice growth, significantly increase rice yield and output value, according to labor saving, has demonstrated and value.     

旱作滴灌铺膜播种农机化技术集成与应用

为解决因水资源缺乏导致的粮食减产问题,开原市大力推广旱作滴灌铺膜播种农机化技术。详细介绍该技术的主要内容、关键环节及培训情况,并综合分析该技术的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益,为该技术在开原市推广应用提供有益借鉴。     

基于正交试验的花生种养结合栽培方式研究

种养结合是农业循环经济发展的重要措施之一。通过正交试验设计,分析了不同种植密度、复合肥用量、腐熟干粪用量对花生生长发育及产量的影响。分析结果表明:1)三因素中高钾复合肥用量对花生的生长发育及产量影响最大。2)13-10-20高钾复合肥用量为300kg/hm2的处理组合普遍表现出植株较高、分枝数较多、单株结果数多等特点。3)产量分析结果显示:最优处理组合为种植密度120 000穴/hm2、高钾复合肥300kg/hm2、腐熟干粪30kg/hm2,同时影响产量大小的因素顺序为:高钾复合肥腐熟干粪种植密度。     

深两优5814作烟后稻旱育抛秧高产栽培技术

深两优5814系国家杂交水稻工程技术研究中心深圳清华龙岗研究所用"Y58S"与自选"恢复系丙4114"组配选育的优质、高产、抗病的两系超级杂交水稻新品种,属弱感光型。2009年宁化县引进种植,根据其特征特性并结合宁化县的气候条件,总结深两优5814作烟后稻旱育抛秧高产栽培技术。     

Effects of Bacillus amylolyticus on Rumen Dry Matter Digestibility,Fermentation Parameters and Metabolites of Dairy Cows北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Bacillus amylolyticus on rumen dry matter digestibility, fermentation parameters and metabolites of dairy cows. Experiment 1: six dairy cows with permanent fistula and had the similar parity (2 to 3 fetuses), body weight [(662 ±57) kg], lactation days [(160 ± 22) d] and milk yield [(36.1 ±3.8) kg / d], were randomly divided into 3 groups with 2 cows per group. Using 3 ×3 Latin square design, each group was extra fed 0 (control group), 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus, the trial period was 3 periods, 13 days for each period, including 10 days for the pre-trial period and 3 days for the trial period. At the beginning of the trial period, the rumen dry matter digestibility of cows was measured by nylon bag method. Experiment 2: thirty dairy cows with similar parity [(2.5 ±0.3) fetuses], initial body weight [(559.2 ± 7. 4) kg], milk yield [(35. 2 ± 1. 5) kg / d] and lactation days [(99 ± 22) d] were randomly divided into three groups with 10 cows in each group. Cows in the 3 groups were extra fed with 0 (control group), 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus, respectively. The pre-trial period was 10 days and the trial period was 42 days. The rumen fluid was collected on the last day of the trial period, and the rumen fermentation parameters and metabolites were determined. The results showed as follows: compared with the control group, 1) supplementary feeding of 5 × 1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly improve the rumen dry matter digestibility of dairy cows at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h (P <0.05), supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly improve the rumen dry matter digestibility of dairy cows at 36 and 48 h (P <0.05); 2) supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly increase the contents of isobutyric acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, total volatile fatty acid and microbial protein in the rumen of dairy cows (P < 0. 05), supplementary feeding of 5 × 1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly increase the contents of isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid in the rumen of dairy cows and significantly reduce the rumen acetic acid / propionic acid (P < 0. 05), supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 Bacillus amylolyticus had no effects on rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen content (P >0.05); 3) eleven metabolic pathways related to differential metabolites were detected, and ascorbic acid and alginate metabolism were significantly enriched (P < 0. 05) . In conclusion, Bacillus amylolyticus can increase the rumen dry matter digestibility, and improve the rumen fermentation function of dairy cows by affecting the content of rumen metabolites. By comprehensive analysis, supplementary feeding of 5 × 109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus can achieve better effect. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

干奶期奶牛乳房炎防控

乳房炎是影响奶牛健康、牛奶产量及品质、造成牧场经济损失最严重的疾病之一。约2 个月的干奶期是防治奶牛乳房炎最关键的时期。本文基于干奶期的乳腺变化,分析干奶期乳房炎高发原因,提出全群及选择性干奶治疗、乳头末端保护方法、营养及卫生方面的饲养管理方法,为防控奶牛乳房炎、提高牛群生产表现及牧场经济效益提供科学参考。